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The Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC) has raised an urgent alert following a sharp increase in Lassa fever cases, with 535 confirmed infections and 98 deaths reported across 14 states. This alarming development includes a confirmed case linked to international travel, triggering heightened surveillance efforts within Nigeria and abroad.
International Concern: Fatal Case with UK Travel History
On March 5, 2025, the NCDC confirmed a fatal Lassa fever case in a 31-year-old physician who had recently returned from the United Kingdom. The patient, who traveled out of Nigeria on February 19 and returned on February 27, was diagnosed with Lassa fever after experiencing symptoms. Tragically, he passed away on March 1, before test results confirmed the infection on March 4.
To prevent further spread, the NCDC, in collaboration with national and international health agencies, has initiated:
- Comprehensive contact tracing in Nigeria and the UK.
- Enhanced surveillance at points of entry, involving Port Health Services.
- Public health interventions to monitor exposed individuals.
Understanding Lassa Fever and Its Spread
Lassa fever is a deadly viral hemorrhagic illness caused by the Lassa virus. The primary mode of transmission is through direct contact with infected rodents or their bodily fluids. It can also spread from person to person, particularly in healthcare settings where infection control is inadequate.
Recognizing Symptoms Early
Lassa fever often starts with common flu-like symptoms, making early diagnosis critical. Key symptoms include:
- High fever
- Severe headache and body weakness
- Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
- Cough and chest pain
- Sore throat
- Uncontrolled bleeding in severe cases
Who is Most at Risk?
- Residents in rat-infested areas
- People consuming improperly stored food
- Healthcare workers without protective gear
- Individuals in close contact with infected persons
Preventing Further Spread
Rodent Control Measures
- Keep homes clean and rodent-free.
- Store food in sealed containers.
- Block entry points in walls, floors, and roofs.
- Dispose of waste properly to deter rats.
- Avoid open-air drying of food.
Hygiene and Personal Protection
- Wash hands frequently with soap and running water.
- Avoid direct contact with infected individuals’ bodily fluids.
- Seek immediate medical attention if experiencing symptoms.
Healthcare Worker Guidelines
- Maintain strict infection prevention and control protocols.
- Use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) properly.
- Isolate and report suspected cases immediately.
Urgent Public Call to Action
With Lassa fever cases rapidly increasing and international exposure confirmed, immediate action is required to curb further spread. The NCDC urges the public to remain vigilant, adhere to preventive measures, and report suspected cases promptly.
Report Suspected Cases Now
NCDC Toll-Free Number: 6232
SMS: 08099555577
WhatsApp: 07087110839
Twitter: @NCDCGov
Facebook: NCDC Nigeria
Stay alert, stay safe, and help stop the spread of Lassa fever in Nigeria.
